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        <BiographicalNote language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Ingénieure agronome de formation, Sophie Leenhardt coordonne des expertises et des études en lien avec les problématiques environnementales au sein de la Direction de l’expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études à INRAE.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
        <BiographicalNote language="eng">&lt;p&gt;Agricultural engineer by training, Sophie Leenhardt coordinates expertise and studies relating to environmental issues within the Directorate for the collective scientific assessment, foresight and studies at INRAE.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Laure Mamy est directrice de recherche à INRAE. Elle étudie et modélise le comportement des composés organiques dans l’environnement et leurs effets écotoxicologiques.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
        <BiographicalNote language="eng">&lt;p&gt;Laure Mamy is a Director of Research at INRAE. She studies and models the behaviour of organic compounds in the environment and their ecotoxicological effects.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Stéphane Pesce est directeur de recherche à INRAE. Il étudie l’impact de différents contaminants sur la biodiversité microbienne et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
        <BiographicalNote language="eng">&lt;p&gt;Stéphane Pesce is a Director of Research at INRAE. He studies the impact of various contaminants on microbial biodiversity and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <BiographicalNote language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Wilfried Sanchez est directeur scientifique adjoint de l’Ifremer, en charge de la thématique « contaminants et effets sur le milieu marin ».&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</BiographicalNote>
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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre du plan Écophyto II+, la conduite d’une expertise scientifique collective sur les impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques a été confiée, en 2020, à INRAE et à l’Ifremer. Les résultats, restitués en mai 2022, confirment que tous les types de milieux terrestres et aquatiques, l’ensemble des compartiments qui les composent et la plupart des organismes qui s’y trouvent sont contaminés par les produits phytopharmaceutiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La contamination varie suivant l’éloignement des zones d’utilisation des produits, principalement agricoles. Elle engendre des impacts directs et indirects sur les écosystèmes, notamment le déclin des populations d’invertébrés terrestres et aquatiques et d’oiseaux, ainsi que l’altération de fonctions et services écosystémiques. Différents leviers contribuent à atténuer la contamination et ses impacts, avec une efficacité variable suivant leurs combinaisons (réglementation, conditions d’utilisation des produits…).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cette expertise identifie les besoins de recherche, en particulier pour mieux appréhender les phénomènes dynamiques dans un contexte de pressions multiples sur l’environnement. Il s’agira ainsi de caractériser et de prédire les impacts et d’améliorer les procédures d’évaluation des risques associés à l’utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cet ouvrage s’adresse à l’ensemble des acteurs et décideurs concernés par les utilisations de produits phytopharmaceutiques, qu’ils interviennent dans le domaine juridique, politique, industriel, ou associatif, ainsi que dans la recherche ou l’enseignement.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ce titre est également disponible en anglais sur notre site : / This book is also available in English on our website:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.quae.com/produit/1853/9782759237494/impacts-of-plant-protection-products-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services" target="_blank"&gt;Impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;As part of the Ecophyto II+ plan, INRAE and Ifremer were entrusted with conducting a collective scientific expertise on the impact of phytopharmaceutical products on biodiversity and ecosystem services in 2020. The results, returned in May 2022, confirm that all types of terrestrial and aquatic environments, as well as most of the organisms within said environments are contaminated on every level with phytopharmaceutical products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contamination levels vary according to the distance to the areas of use of these mainly agricultural products, leading to direct and indirect impact on ecosystems, including decline in terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate populations and birds, as well as changes in ecosystem functions and services. Different levers help mitigate contamination and its impact, with varying effectiveness depending on their combination (regulations, conditions of use of products etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This expertise identifies research needs, in particular to better understand dynamic phenomena in a context of multifold pressure exerted on the environment. This will involve characterizing and predicting effects, as well as improving risk assessment procedures for the use of phytopharmaceutical products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book is aimed at all actors and decision-makers concerned by the use of phytopharmaceutical products and involved in the legal, political, industrial or associative field, as well as in research or education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ce titre est également disponible en anglais sur notre site : / This book is also available in English on our website:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.quae.com/produit/1853/9782759237494/impacts-of-plant-protection-products-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services"&gt; Impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>&lt;p&gt;Cet ouvrage présente les résultats de l’expertise scientifique collective mise en œuvre par INRAE et l’Ifremer entre 2020 et 2022 sur les impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques, depuis leurs zones d’épandage jusqu’au milieu marin, en France, y compris ses territoires ultra-marins.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Avant-propos&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contexte&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demande d’expertise&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Principes de l’ESCo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Composition du collectif d’experts&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sources mobilisées&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cadre d’analyse&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Préambule sur la fragmentation des connaissances&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caractère parcellaire et hétérogène&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Complémentarité des approches et des objets d’étude&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Contamination de l’environnement par les PPP et exposition des organismes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contamination avérée des milieux par une grande diversité de PPP&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dynamiques de transfert et devenir des substances&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Influence du contexte sur la dynamique d’exposition&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Leviers pour limiter la contamination et l’exposition&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innovations et perspectives pour caractériser la contamination et l’exposition&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Effets sur la biodiversité&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;De l’exposition aux effets, sources de variabilité de la sensibilité aux PPP&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mise en évidence des différents types d’effets&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Effets sur l’état de la biodiversité et ses évolutions&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conséquences sur les fonctions écosystémiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innovations et perspectives pour l’évaluation des effets&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Conséquences sur les services écosystémiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liens conceptuels entre fonctions et service&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Principaux services écosystémiques impactés&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innovations et perspectives sur les services écosystémiques&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Points transversaux de préoccupation ou d’amélioration&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Questions relatives au choix des substances&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Phénomènes d’accumulation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Améliorations enregistrées&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Améliorations apportées et difficultés persistantes sur le plan scientifique&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. Interactions entre science et réglementation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Niveau d’exigence et complexité de la réglementation sur les PPP&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Connaissances scientifiques disponibles non prises en compte&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Disjonction des évaluations avant et après mise sur le marché&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pistes d’amélioration les plus documentées&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La contamination de l’environnement par les PPP est avéréedans tous les milieux&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L’état des lieux reste très incomplet dans les outre-mer&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les PPP contribuent à la fragilisation de la biodiversité&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les PPP diminuent la capacité à fournir des services écosystémiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les impacts dépendent fortement des modalités et du contexte d’utilisation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Des leviers permettent d’atténuer en partie les impacts&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dans les JEVI, une reconception des modes de gestion&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L’encadrement réglementaire des PPP comporte des objectifs ambitieux qui ne sont pas complètement atteints&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La mobilisation des connaissances à des fins réglementaires nécessite d’être organisée&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mieux prendre en compte la complexité des expositions et des effets&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Articuler l’étude des systèmes agricoles à celle des écosystèmes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sigles et abréviations&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glossaire&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sélection bibliographique&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collectif de travail&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Forword &lt;br&gt;Introduction &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Context &lt;br&gt;Request for assessment &lt;br&gt;CSA principles &lt;br&gt;Composition of the expert group &lt;br&gt;Sources used &lt;br&gt;Analysis framework &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Preamble regarding the fragmentation of knowledge&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Patchy and heterogeneous nature &lt;br&gt;Complementarity of approaches and objects of study &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Environmental contamination by PPPs and exposure of organisms &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Proven environmental contamination by a wide range of PPPs &lt;br&gt;Transfer dynamics and fate of substances &lt;br&gt;Influence of context on exposure dynamics &lt;br&gt;Measures for limiting contamination and exposure &lt;br&gt;New developments and prospects for characterizing contamination and exposure &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Effects on biodiversity &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;From exposure to effects, sources of variability in sensitivity to PPPs &lt;br&gt;Highlighting the different types of effects &lt;br&gt;Effects on the state of biodiversity and its change &lt;br&gt;Impacts on ecosystem functions &lt;br&gt;Innovations and future directions for the assessment of effects &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Consequences for ecosystem services &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conceptual links between functions and services &lt;br&gt;Principal ecosystem services impacted &lt;br&gt;Innovations and future prospects regarding ecosystem services &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Cross-cutting areas of concern or improvement&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;Issues related to the choice of substances&lt;br&gt;Accumulation phenomena&lt;br&gt;Reported improvements &lt;br&gt;Improvements made, and persistent difficulties on the scientific front&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. Interactions between science and regulation &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Requirements and complexity of PPP regulations &lt;br&gt;Available scientific knowledge not being considered &lt;br&gt;Disconnection between pre-market and post-market assessment &lt;br&gt;Most frequently identified avenues for improvement &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;PPP contamination is known to affect all environments&lt;br&gt;The state of knowledge in the French overseas territories remains highly incomplete &lt;br&gt;PPPs contribute to the weakening of biodiversity &lt;br&gt;PPPs reduce the capacity to provide ecosystem services &lt;br&gt;Impacts are highly dependent on the methods and context of use &lt;br&gt;Instruments to partially mitigate the impacts&lt;br&gt;In non-agricultural areas, a redesign of management methods &lt;br&gt;The ambitious objectives of the PPP regulatory framework have not been fully met &lt;br&gt;The use of existing knowledge for regulatory purposes needs to be better organised &lt;br&gt;Taking better account of the complexity of exposures and effects &lt;br&gt;Linking the study of agricultural systems to that of ecosystems &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Acronyms and abbreviations&lt;br&gt;Glossary &lt;br&gt;Selected bibliography &lt;br&gt;Working group &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre du plan Écophyto II+, la conduite d’une expertise scientifique collective sur les impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques a été confiée, en 2020, à INRAE et à l’Ifremer. Les résultats, restitués en mai 2022, confirment que tous les types de milieux terrestres et aquatiques, l’ensemble des compartiments qui les composent et la plupart des organismes qui s’y trouvent sont contaminés par les produits phytopharmaceutiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La contamination varie suivant l’éloignement des zones d’utilisation des produits, principalement agricoles. Elle engendre des impacts directs et indirects sur les écosystèmes, notamment le déclin des populations d’invertébrés terrestres et aquatiques et d’oiseaux, ainsi que l’altération de fonctions et services écosystémiques. Différents leviers contribuent à atténuer la contamination et ses impacts, avec une efficacité variable suivant leurs combinaisons (réglementation, conditions d’utilisation des produits…).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cette expertise identifie les besoins de recherche, en particulier pour mieux appréhender les phénomènes dynamiques dans un contexte de pressions multiples sur l’environnement. Il s’agira ainsi de caractériser et de prédire les impacts et d’améliorer les procédures d’évaluation des risques associés à l’utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cet ouvrage s’adresse à l’ensemble des acteurs et décideurs concernés par les utilisations de produits phytopharmaceutiques, qu’ils interviennent dans le domaine juridique, politique, industriel, ou associatif, ainsi que dans la recherche ou l’enseignement.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ce titre est également disponible en anglais sur notre site : / This book is also available in English on our website:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.quae.com/produit/1853/9782759237494/impacts-of-plant-protection-products-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services" target="_blank"&gt;Impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;As part of the Ecophyto II+ plan, INRAE and Ifremer were entrusted with conducting a collective scientific expertise on the impact of phytopharmaceutical products on biodiversity and ecosystem services in 2020. The results, returned in May 2022, confirm that all types of terrestrial and aquatic environments, as well as most of the organisms within said environments are contaminated on every level with phytopharmaceutical products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contamination levels vary according to the distance to the areas of use of these mainly agricultural products, leading to direct and indirect impact on ecosystems, including decline in terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate populations and birds, as well as changes in ecosystem functions and services. Different levers help mitigate contamination and its impact, with varying effectiveness depending on their combination (regulations, conditions of use of products etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This expertise identifies research needs, in particular to better understand dynamic phenomena in a context of multifold pressure exerted on the environment. This will involve characterizing and predicting effects, as well as improving risk assessment procedures for the use of phytopharmaceutical products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This book is aimed at all actors and decision-makers concerned by the use of phytopharmaceutical products and involved in the legal, political, industrial or associative field, as well as in research or education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ce titre est également disponible en anglais sur notre site : / This book is also available in English on our website:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.quae.com/produit/1853/9782759237494/impacts-of-plant-protection-products-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services"&gt; Impacts of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text>&lt;p&gt;Cet ouvrage présente les résultats de l’expertise scientifique collective mise en œuvre par INRAE et l’Ifremer entre 2020 et 2022 sur les impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques, depuis leurs zones d’épandage jusqu’au milieu marin, en France, y compris ses territoires ultra-marins.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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        <Text language="fre">&lt;p&gt;Avant-propos&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contexte&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demande d’expertise&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Principes de l’ESCo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Composition du collectif d’experts&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sources mobilisées&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cadre d’analyse&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Préambule sur la fragmentation des connaissances&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caractère parcellaire et hétérogène&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Complémentarité des approches et des objets d’étude&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Contamination de l’environnement par les PPP et exposition des organismes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contamination avérée des milieux par une grande diversité de PPP&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dynamiques de transfert et devenir des substances&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Influence du contexte sur la dynamique d’exposition&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Leviers pour limiter la contamination et l’exposition&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innovations et perspectives pour caractériser la contamination et l’exposition&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Effets sur la biodiversité&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;De l’exposition aux effets, sources de variabilité de la sensibilité aux PPP&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mise en évidence des différents types d’effets&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Effets sur l’état de la biodiversité et ses évolutions&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conséquences sur les fonctions écosystémiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innovations et perspectives pour l’évaluation des effets&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Conséquences sur les services écosystémiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liens conceptuels entre fonctions et service&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Principaux services écosystémiques impactés&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innovations et perspectives sur les services écosystémiques&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Points transversaux de préoccupation ou d’amélioration&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Questions relatives au choix des substances&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Phénomènes d’accumulation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Améliorations enregistrées&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Améliorations apportées et difficultés persistantes sur le plan scientifique&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. Interactions entre science et réglementation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Niveau d’exigence et complexité de la réglementation sur les PPP&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Connaissances scientifiques disponibles non prises en compte&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Disjonction des évaluations avant et après mise sur le marché&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pistes d’amélioration les plus documentées&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La contamination de l’environnement par les PPP est avéréedans tous les milieux&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L’état des lieux reste très incomplet dans les outre-mer&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les PPP contribuent à la fragilisation de la biodiversité&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les PPP diminuent la capacité à fournir des services écosystémiques&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Les impacts dépendent fortement des modalités et du contexte d’utilisation&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Des leviers permettent d’atténuer en partie les impacts&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dans les JEVI, une reconception des modes de gestion&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L’encadrement réglementaire des PPP comporte des objectifs ambitieux qui ne sont pas complètement atteints&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La mobilisation des connaissances à des fins réglementaires nécessite d’être organisée&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mieux prendre en compte la complexité des expositions et des effets&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Articuler l’étude des systèmes agricoles à celle des écosystèmes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sigles et abréviations&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glossaire&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sélection bibliographique&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collectif de travail&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</Text>
        <Text language="eng">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Forword &lt;br&gt;Introduction &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Context &lt;br&gt;Request for assessment &lt;br&gt;CSA principles &lt;br&gt;Composition of the expert group &lt;br&gt;Sources used &lt;br&gt;Analysis framework &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Preamble regarding the fragmentation of knowledge&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Patchy and heterogeneous nature &lt;br&gt;Complementarity of approaches and objects of study &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Environmental contamination by PPPs and exposure of organisms &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Proven environmental contamination by a wide range of PPPs &lt;br&gt;Transfer dynamics and fate of substances &lt;br&gt;Influence of context on exposure dynamics &lt;br&gt;Measures for limiting contamination and exposure &lt;br&gt;New developments and prospects for characterizing contamination and exposure &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Effects on biodiversity &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;From exposure to effects, sources of variability in sensitivity to PPPs &lt;br&gt;Highlighting the different types of effects &lt;br&gt;Effects on the state of biodiversity and its change &lt;br&gt;Impacts on ecosystem functions &lt;br&gt;Innovations and future directions for the assessment of effects &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Consequences for ecosystem services &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conceptual links between functions and services &lt;br&gt;Principal ecosystem services impacted &lt;br&gt;Innovations and future prospects regarding ecosystem services &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Cross-cutting areas of concern or improvement&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;Issues related to the choice of substances&lt;br&gt;Accumulation phenomena&lt;br&gt;Reported improvements &lt;br&gt;Improvements made, and persistent difficulties on the scientific front&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. Interactions between science and regulation &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Requirements and complexity of PPP regulations &lt;br&gt;Available scientific knowledge not being considered &lt;br&gt;Disconnection between pre-market and post-market assessment &lt;br&gt;Most frequently identified avenues for improvement &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;PPP contamination is known to affect all environments&lt;br&gt;The state of knowledge in the French overseas territories remains highly incomplete &lt;br&gt;PPPs contribute to the weakening of biodiversity &lt;br&gt;PPPs reduce the capacity to provide ecosystem services &lt;br&gt;Impacts are highly dependent on the methods and context of use &lt;br&gt;Instruments to partially mitigate the impacts&lt;br&gt;In non-agricultural areas, a redesign of management methods &lt;br&gt;The ambitious objectives of the PPP regulatory framework have not been fully met &lt;br&gt;The use of existing knowledge for regulatory purposes needs to be better organised &lt;br&gt;Taking better account of the complexity of exposures and effects &lt;br&gt;Linking the study of agricultural systems to that of ecosystems &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Acronyms and abbreviations&lt;br&gt;Glossary &lt;br&gt;Selected bibliography &lt;br&gt;Working group &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</Text>
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          <SupplierRole>03</SupplierRole>
          <SupplierIdentifier>
            <SupplierIDType>01</SupplierIDType>
            <IDValue>D1</IDValue>
          </SupplierIdentifier>
          <SupplierName>Quae Open Acess</SupplierName>
        </Supplier>
        <ProductAvailability>20</ProductAvailability>
        <Price>
          <PriceType>04</PriceType>
          <PriceQualifier>05</PriceQualifier>
          <UnpricedItemType>01</UnpricedItemType>
          <CurrencyCode>EUR</CurrencyCode>
          <Territory>
            <RegionsIncluded>WORLD</RegionsIncluded>
          </Territory>
        </Price>
      </SupplyDetail>
    </ProductSupply>
  </Product>
</ONIXMessage>
