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Can organic agriculture cope without copper for disease control?
Synthesis of the Collective Scientific Assessment Report
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Can organic agriculture cope without copper for disease control?
Synthesis of the Collective Scientific Assessment Report
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A257
Didier Andrivon
Andrivon, Didier
Didier
Andrivon
<p>Didier Andrivon est directeur de recherche à l’Institut de génétique, environnement et protection des plantes (IGEPP, Rennes) ; il est membre du Comité interne en agriculture biologique (CIAB) de l’Inra.<br></p>
2
B15
01
A258
Isabelle Savini
Savini, Isabelle
Isabelle
Savini
<p>Isabelle Savini est chargée d’études à la Direction de l’expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études d’INRAE à Paris.<br></p>
1
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eng
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Izibook:Subject
Agriculture et productions végétales
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agriculture;agriculture biologique;agronomie;environnement;fruit;légume;lutte phytosanitaire;pathologie végétale;production végétale
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<p><b>DOI : <u><a href="http://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-3839-2" target="_blank">10.35690/978-2-7592-3839-2</a></u></b></p><p><b>DOI : <u><a href="http://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-3156-0" target="_blank">10.35690/978-2-7592-3156-0</a></u></b></p><p>Copper is used to control various fungal or bacterial diseases, mainly in grapes, in fruit production and in vegetable crops. It is the only active substance approved in organic farming with a strong fungicidal effect and a wide range of action. However, the demonstration of the negative environmental effects of copper, in particular on soil and water organisms, led to regulatory restrictions on use (capping of authorized doses), and even to its ban as a pesticide in some Northern European countries.<br>These increasing restrictions on the use of copper, which put growers who cannot use synthetic fungicides under severe constraints, led to a recurrent demand for "alternatives". Numerous experimental studies have therefore been carried out to identify and test other techniques: the use of disease-resistant varieties, the application of naturally-occurring substances that have a biocidal effect and/or stimulate the plant's natural defenses, the use of microbiological control agents, the adoption of prophylactic management, and the installation of physical protection. However, results remain scattered, and these control methods are rarely implemented in the field.<br>Resulting from a collective scientific assessment, this volume, first published in French in 2019, is a multidisciplinary and critical synthesis of the knowledge available on the subject. It describes and assesses the different techniques potentially effective against pathogens controlled by copper treatments, and insists upon the need to combine them in integrated crop protection systems.</p><p> </p><b>The french version of this book, <i><a href="https://www.quae-open.com/produit/113/9782759229994/peut-on-se-passer-du-cuivre-en-protection-des-cultures-biologiques" target="_blank">Peut-on se passer du cuivre en protection des cultures biologiques ?</a></i>, is available on our website.</b><p></p><p><b>La version française de ce titre, <i><a href="https://www.quae-open.com/produit/113/9782759229994/peut-on-se-passer-du-cuivre-en-protection-des-cultures-biologiques" target="_blank">Peut-on se passer du cuivre en protection des cultures biologiques ?</a></i>, est disponible sur notre site.</b></p>
04
00
<b>Introduction</b><br>Significant uses of copper, subject to increasing levels of regulation<br>Alternatives to the use of copper: considerable research prompting the need for a critical synthesis<br>Organization and intent of a Collective Scientific Expertise<br>Status and organization of this document<br><br><b>Chapter 1. Background</b><br>Copper: properties and uses<br>Alternatives to copper: types and regulatory framework<br><br><b>Chapter 2. Alternative methods to the use of copper</b><br>Natural biocidal preparations<br>Microbiological agents for biocontrol<br>Varietal resistance<br>Natural plant defense stimulators<br>Isotherapy, homeopathic and biodynamic preparations<br><br><b>Chapter 3. Agronomic management of crop health risks</b><br>Prophylactic methods<br>Physical protection against infection<br>Management of the structure of crop plant and canopies<br>Conclusions<br><br><b>Chapter 4. Introducing alternative levers and practices into integrated protection systems</b><br>Evaluations and comparisons of cropping systems<br>Actors’ strategies and the availability and acceptability of innovations<br>Concluding thoughts<br><br><b>Chapter 5. Overall conclusions</b><br>A considerable quantity of available information…<br>… but very unevenly divided between the areas of research and development<br>Individual, partially effective solutions…<br>… but still insufficiently integrated within integrated crop protection systems<br>Giving up copper: considerable room for improvement<br>Questions critical to the elimination of copper but insufficiently explored by current research<br>Lessons for and from “conventional” systems<br><br><b>Selected bibliography <br>Annex. The literature corpus analyzed<br>ESCo authors and editors </b><br>
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Can organic agriculture cope without copper for disease control?
Synthesis of the Collective Scientific Assessment Report
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A257
Didier Andrivon
Andrivon, Didier
Didier
Andrivon
<p>Didier Andrivon est directeur de recherche à l’Institut de génétique, environnement et protection des plantes (IGEPP, Rennes) ; il est membre du Comité interne en agriculture biologique (CIAB) de l’Inra.<br></p>
2
B15
01
A258
Isabelle Savini
Savini, Isabelle
Isabelle
Savini
<p>Isabelle Savini est chargée d’études à la Direction de l’expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études d’INRAE à Paris.<br></p>
1
01
eng
08
120
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Agriculture et productions végétales
20
agriculture;agriculture biologique;agronomie;environnement;fruit;légume;lutte phytosanitaire;pathologie végétale;production végétale
10
NON000000
29
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<p><b>DOI : <u><a href="http://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-3839-2" target="_blank">10.35690/978-2-7592-3839-2</a></u></b></p><p><b>DOI : <u><a href="http://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-3156-0" target="_blank">10.35690/978-2-7592-3156-0</a></u></b></p><p>Copper is used to control various fungal or bacterial diseases, mainly in grapes, in fruit production and in vegetable crops. It is the only active substance approved in organic farming with a strong fungicidal effect and a wide range of action. However, the demonstration of the negative environmental effects of copper, in particular on soil and water organisms, led to regulatory restrictions on use (capping of authorized doses), and even to its ban as a pesticide in some Northern European countries.<br>These increasing restrictions on the use of copper, which put growers who cannot use synthetic fungicides under severe constraints, led to a recurrent demand for "alternatives". Numerous experimental studies have therefore been carried out to identify and test other techniques: the use of disease-resistant varieties, the application of naturally-occurring substances that have a biocidal effect and/or stimulate the plant's natural defenses, the use of microbiological control agents, the adoption of prophylactic management, and the installation of physical protection. However, results remain scattered, and these control methods are rarely implemented in the field.<br>Resulting from a collective scientific assessment, this volume, first published in French in 2019, is a multidisciplinary and critical synthesis of the knowledge available on the subject. It describes and assesses the different techniques potentially effective against pathogens controlled by copper treatments, and insists upon the need to combine them in integrated crop protection systems.</p><p> </p><b>The french version of this book, <i><a href="https://www.quae-open.com/produit/113/9782759229994/peut-on-se-passer-du-cuivre-en-protection-des-cultures-biologiques" target="_blank">Peut-on se passer du cuivre en protection des cultures biologiques ?</a></i>, is available on our website.</b><p></p><p><b>La version française de ce titre, <i><a href="https://www.quae-open.com/produit/113/9782759229994/peut-on-se-passer-du-cuivre-en-protection-des-cultures-biologiques" target="_blank">Peut-on se passer du cuivre en protection des cultures biologiques ?</a></i>, est disponible sur notre site.</b></p>
04
00
<b>Introduction</b><br>Significant uses of copper, subject to increasing levels of regulation<br>Alternatives to the use of copper: considerable research prompting the need for a critical synthesis<br>Organization and intent of a Collective Scientific Expertise<br>Status and organization of this document<br><br><b>Chapter 1. Background</b><br>Copper: properties and uses<br>Alternatives to copper: types and regulatory framework<br><br><b>Chapter 2. Alternative methods to the use of copper</b><br>Natural biocidal preparations<br>Microbiological agents for biocontrol<br>Varietal resistance<br>Natural plant defense stimulators<br>Isotherapy, homeopathic and biodynamic preparations<br><br><b>Chapter 3. Agronomic management of crop health risks</b><br>Prophylactic methods<br>Physical protection against infection<br>Management of the structure of crop plant and canopies<br>Conclusions<br><br><b>Chapter 4. Introducing alternative levers and practices into integrated protection systems</b><br>Evaluations and comparisons of cropping systems<br>Actors’ strategies and the availability and acceptability of innovations<br>Concluding thoughts<br><br><b>Chapter 5. Overall conclusions</b><br>A considerable quantity of available information…<br>… but very unevenly divided between the areas of research and development<br>Individual, partially effective solutions…<br>… but still insufficiently integrated within integrated crop protection systems<br>Giving up copper: considerable room for improvement<br>Questions critical to the elimination of copper but insufficiently explored by current research<br>Lessons for and from “conventional” systems<br><br><b>Selected bibliography <br>Annex. The literature corpus analyzed<br>ESCo authors and editors </b><br>
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